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Core concepts
Biological molecules
>
Inorganic ions and water
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Food tests
>
Starch
Reducing sugars
Non-reducing sugars
Proteins
Lipids
Cell structure
>
Cell organelles
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
Viruses
Levels of organisation
Cell membranes
>
Fluid mosaic model
Function of cell membranes
Transport across membranes
>
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Osmosis and water potential
Enzymes
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Enzyme structure
Enzyme properties
Enzyme inhibitors
Biosensors
Nucleic acids
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ATP structure + function
DNA structure
DNA replication in cells
RNA structure
Protein synthesis
Exam 1
Role of ATP in metabolism
>
ATP structure and function
NAD + The Chemiosmotic Theory
Respiration
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Glycolysis and link reaction
Krebs cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Balance sheet for aerobic repsiration
Anaerobic respiration
Alternative respiratory substances
Photosynthesis
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Pigments + Action spectra
Light Dependent Stage
Light Independent Stage
Products of photosynthesis + mineral ions
Microbiology
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Bacteria + Gram stain
Aseptic techniques
Measuring bacterial growth
Fermenters + antibiotics
Populations + Ecology
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Ecology
Energy flow through ecosystems
Population growth curves
Logarithm scale
Population fluctuations
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Improving nutrient cycling
Eutrophication
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control
Integrated pest management
Human impacts on the environment
Exam 2
Cell cycle and cell division
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Chromosome structure
DNA replication in cells
Interphase + Mitosis
Meiosis I + II
Protein synthesis
>
Genetic code
Transcription
Translation
Bio-diversity
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Biodiversity
Evolution + natural selection
Taxonomy
Five Kingdom System
Pentadactyl limb
Biochemical techniques
Sexual reproduction in humans
Sexual reproduction in plants
Variability and genetics
Variation and Evolution
Population genetics
Application of reproduction and genetics
Human Genome Project
Exam 3
Kidney + homeostasis
>
Homeostasis
Kidney structure
Kidney function
Osmoregulation: role of ADH
Adaptations to different environments
Nervous systems
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Spinal Cord
Reflex Arc
Structure of neurones
Nerve impulses
Synapses
Effects of Drugs
Plant responses
Gas exchange
>
Overcoming problems with increased size
Gas exchange in fish
Gas exchange in amphibians, reptiles, birds and insects
Human respiratory system
Summary table for gas exchange
Gas exchange in Plants
Stomatal opening and closing
Transport in animals
>
Circulatory systems
Human circulatory system
Blood vessels
Blood
Tissue fluid
Heart and Cardiac Cycle
Control of heartbeat
Blood vessel pressure changes
Oxygen dissociation curves (Bohr effect)
Chloride shift
Transport in plants
>
Structure of the leaves, stem and roots
Xylem and Phloem
Transport of water and minerals
Transport in the phloem
Mesophytes, Xerophytes and Hydrophytes
Adaptations for nutrition
>
Types of nutririon
Structure of the digestive system
Glands in the digestive system
Digestion of different foods
Absorption of digested food
The large intestine
Uses of absorbed food
Dentition (teeth)
Ruminants (e.g. cows and sheep)
Parasitic nutrition (e.g. tapeworm)
Immunology (additional unit)
Reproductive Strategies (*AS resit old spec)
>
Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Production of gametes
Internal and External fertilisation
Development of the zygote
Parental care
Unisexual and Hermaphrodytes
The success of insects
Plant reproduction
Practicals
Microscope calibration
Microscope drawing skills
Food tests
Investigating effects of temperature on enzymes
Investigating substrate concnetration on enzymes
Determination of water potential
Determination of solute potential by measuring incipient plasmolysis
Investigating membrane permeability
Investigating biodiversity of a habitat
Investigating stomatal numbers
DNA extraction
Mitosis
Meiosis
Dissecting fish heads
Dissection of a mammalian heart
Investigating transpiration rates
Exam papers
BY1 past exam papers
BY2 past exam papers
BY4 past exam papers
BY5 past exam papers
Numeracy + Literacy
Text Books
Further reading
A Level
CORE CONCEPTS 1:
Basic biochemistry and cell organisation
This section contains class booklets and other links which will help you in your component 1 studies
CORE CONCEPTS
Biological molecules
Cells and Cell Organelles
Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes
Levels of Organisation: Tissues, Organs & Organ systems
Structure of the cell membrane & Transport through the cell membrane
Enzymes, Immobilised Enzymes & Biosensors
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA and also the structure of ATP)
Protein synthesis
The CORE CONCEPTS will be examined in all
three
of the A level exams at the end of year 2